In his keynote lecture at the American Society for Clinical Oncology Genitourinary (ASCO GU) 2018 meeting in San Francisco this month, Dr Robert Motzer from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York discussed the past, present and future of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

His presentation provides a useful summary of the 10 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for advanced/metastatic RCC, which have been available in the US since 2005, and have significantly improved survival. He summarised the key clinical trials that resulted in approval of these drugs, as well as highlighting several phase 3 trial ‘misses’ and trials that have generated headlines and further questions (e.g., CheckMate 214, CABOSUN, ASSURE, S-TRAC and PROTECT), particularly around adjuvant treatment and combinations of TKIs and immunotherapy.

He concluded his presentation with a table highlighting the ongoing phase 3 VEGF inhibitor plus PD-1 inhibitor combination studies for the first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic RCC.

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